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Zhob (Pashto: ژوب) is a small town and district capital of Zhob District in Balochistan province of Pakistan.〔(Tehsils & Unions in the District of Zhob - Government of Pakistan )〕 Zhob is located on the banks of Zhob River. The city was originally named Appozai after a nearby village. During the British colonial era it was named Fort Sandeman. It obtained its current name on 30 July 1976 when the then Prime Minister of Pakistan, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto had the name changed.〔(Zhob Background - Balochistan Police Website )〕 == History == A Chinese pilgrim, Xuanzang, who visited the region in 629 AD mentioned Pashtuns living in Zhob. He also pointed out Sardar Shams uddin as the bravest man ever known to him. Sardar Shams Uddin's companion Mohammad Siddiq is also known as (Takra Sarai) of the region.〔Dawn News, (.htm The cradle of Pathan culture )〕 The prime historical importance of Zhob is having been a cradle of the Pashtuns. In the 7th century, Hiuen Tsiang, a Chinese pilgrim has described the Pashtuns as living in Zhob. Early in the 13th century the country came within the sphere of the barbaric Mongol raids organised by Genghis Khan. In 1398 AD, an expedition against the Pashtuns of the area was led by Pir Muhammad, grandson of Amir Timur. Although no authentic information exist about any foreign occupation, many forts, mounds and karezes are attributed to the Mughals. Both Nadir Shah (1736-47 AD) and Ahmed Shah Abdali (1747-73 AD) extended their power through Balochistan and thenceforth Zhob remained under the more or less nominal suzerainty of the Durranis and Barakzais until it came under British protection. In the middle of the 18th century Ahmed Shah granted a sanad (certificate) to Bekar Nika, fourth in descent from Jogi and the head of the Jogizai family, conferring upon him the title and position of "Badshah or Ruler of Zhob". This family continued to exercise authority over the Kakars until the British were first brought into contact with them. Until the Zhob Valley expedition of 1884 the area was practically unknown to Europeans, and in 1889 the Zhob Valley and Gomal Pass were taken under the control of the British Government. In December 1889 the town of Zhob, then known as Apozai, was occupied by the British and named Fort Sandeman after Sir Robert Sandeman. The district of Zhob was formed in 1890, with Fort Sandeman as the capital. The population was 3552, according to the 1901 census of India. The military garrison included a native cavalry and a native infantry regiment. It was also the headquarters of the Zhob Levy Corps. In 1894 a supply of water from the Saliaza valley was established, allowing irrigation and planting of fruits and trees and providing drinking water. It cost a little over a lakh of rupees. During the colonial era the Political Agent resided in a building known as "the Castle" that lay to the north of the town and above the surface of the plain. The military lines, bazaar, dispensaries, and school lay below. During this time the railway system was built. The nearest railway station in Baluchistan is Harnai, distant. Bhakkar, the railway station for Dera Ismail Khan, is distant. The population numbered 3,552 in 1901. A local fund was created in 1890; the income during 1903-4 was 18,000 rupees and the expenditure 17,000 rupees. One-third of the net receipts from octroi was paid over to the military authorities. Therw is small sanitarium, about above sea-level, about away at Shinghar on the Sulaiman range, to which resort is made in the summer months.〔(Fort Sandeman - Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 12, p. 103. )〕 Zhob is also the location of a Pakistan Army cantonment. The main tribes of Zhob are Mandokhail, Kakar, Sherani, Nasar, Khosti, Babar, Lawoon, Harifal and Safi. The local tribal leaders of Zhob are Sardar shahwazir kakar, Malik Sheikh Habibullah Mandokhail. The main political dignities of Zhob are Sheikh Jaffer Khan Mandokhail, Maulana Muhammad Khan Sherani,, Abdul rahim Mandokhail of PKMAP,Maulana shamusdin shaheed of JUI,Saleh Muhammad Khan Mandokhail of ANP,Malak Sheikh Muhammad Yar Khan of ANP and many more. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zhob」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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